What is a characteristic effect of excessive alcohol consumption similar to that of GHB?

Excessive alcohol consumption is known for its sedative-hypnotic properties, which produce effects such as drowsiness, relaxation, and a reduction in anxiety, akin to those produced by substances like GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid). Both alcohol and GHB can depress the central nervous system, leading to a calming effect and a decrease in inhibitions.

This sedative-hypnotic effect arises from the way alcohol and GHB interact with neurotransmitter systems in the brain, particularly GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. The increased GABA activity enhances the sedative effects, resulting in the characteristics associated with both substances.

In contrast, increased alertness, enhanced cognitive function, and heightened sensitivity do not correlate with the effects of excessive alcohol consumption, which typically lead to impairment in these areas. Instead, individuals usually experience decreased mental clarity, impaired judgment, and lowered reaction times with high levels of alcohol intake. Therefore, recognizing the sedative-hypnotic nature of excessive alcohol consumption effectively underscores its similarity to GHB's effects.