What is the expected duration of the maintenance stage based on self-efficacy data?

The maintenance stage in behavioral change models refers to the period during which individuals successfully sustain their behavior changes over time. Based on self-efficacy data, which reflects an individual's confidence in their ability to maintain these changes, the expected duration of this stage is approximately six months to about five years.

This time frame is significant because it recognizes that maintaining a behavioral change, such as abstinence from substances or implementation of healthier habits, requires ongoing effort and commitment. Within this period, individuals are often faced with various challenges and situations that could potentially lead to relapse, and it is crucial for them to apply strategies they have learned to navigate these challenges effectively.

The reasoning for a duration of six months to about five years aligns with empirical studies that suggest people often need several months (at minimum) to establish new behaviors and longer to fully integrate them into their lives. Research also supports the idea that changes in lifestyle and behaviors are not merely short-term achievements; thus, a protracted time frame allows for the gradual development and reinforcement of the skills and habits necessary for long-lasting change.