What is the relationship between independent and dependent variables?

The correct answer highlights that the independent variable is manipulated in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In scientific research, the independent variable is the one that researchers change or control to test its potential impact on another variable. The dependent variable, on the other hand, is the outcome that is measured to see if it changes as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable.

In a typical experimental setup, researchers alter the independent variable to determine if it causes any effects in the dependent variable. This relationship allows for understanding causation and is fundamental in establishing a scientific experiment's validity.

For instance, if a researcher is studying the impact of different amounts of sunlight on plant growth, the amount of sunlight is the independent variable being adjusted, while the growth of the plants represents the dependent variable being measured. This setup effectively illustrates how changing one factor can influence another, facilitating a clearer understanding of their relationship.

Other choices do not accurately describe the dynamics between independent and dependent variables. For example, stating that the dependent variable is changed by the researcher misunderstands the roles of the variables. Similarly, claiming that the independent variable measures the outcome inaccurately positions the independent variable as the one being measured rather than manipulated. Lastly, suggesting that both variables are always constant