What neurotransmitters are released by amphetamines, contributing to their euphoric effect?

Amphetamines primarily increase the release of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which significantly contributes to their euphoric effects.

Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter involved in the brain's reward system, and its elevation during amphetamine use leads to feelings of pleasure and enhanced mood. Norepinephrine, on the other hand, plays a critical role in the body's fight-or-flight response, resulting in increased energy and alertness. The combined action of these neurotransmitters helps explain the stimulating and euphoric effects commonly associated with amphetamines.

In contrast, while serotonin is an important neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, it is not primarily responsible for the euphoric effects of amphetamines compared to dopamine and norepinephrine. Acetylcholine is involved in various functions including memory and muscle control but does not play a significant role in the primary effects of amphetamines either. Thus, the focus on dopamine and norepinephrine distinctly aligns with the understanding of how amphetamines exert their effects.