What part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating emotions such as fear and anger?

The limbic system is primarily responsible for regulating emotions such as fear and anger because it encompasses several structures that play a critical role in emotional processing. Key components of the limbic system include the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The amygdala is particularly significant as it is directly involved in the processing of emotions and the formation of emotional memories. Its primary function is to detect threats and trigger emotional responses, such as fear or aggression, making it essential for survival.

In contrast, the cerebellum is mainly associated with coordination and balance, the cortex is involved in higher-order processes such as reasoning and decision-making, and the brainstem regulates vital involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate but does not directly govern emotional responses. Thus, the limbic system integrates and regulates emotions, making it the correct answer for the question regarding which part of the brain is crucial for emotions like fear and anger.