What role does aldehyde dehydrogenase play in the body?

Aldehyde dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the body's metabolic processes, particularly in the context of alcohol metabolism. Its primary function is to break down acetaldehyde, which is a toxic by-product that results from the breakdown of ethanol in the liver. When a person consumes alcohol, ethanol is first converted to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Subsequently, aldehyde dehydrogenase converts acetaldehyde into acetic acid, a much less harmful substance that can be further metabolized into carbon dioxide and water.

The breakdown of acetaldehyde is crucial because the accumulation of this compound can lead to unpleasant effects known as hangover symptoms. In fact, variations in the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase in different individuals can explain differences in alcohol tolerance and sensitivity. People with less active forms of this enzyme often experience more pronounced effects and symptoms of alcohol intoxication due to the higher levels of acetaldehyde in their system.

This function of aldehyde dehydrogenase clarifies its key role in protecting the body from the toxic effects of alcohol consumption.