Which medication is known to significantly reduce the risk of suicide in bipolar disorder?

Lithium is recognized for its significant role in reducing the risk of suicide in individuals with bipolar disorder. Numerous studies have demonstrated that lithium not only helps stabilize mood swings but also possesses properties that can lower the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. Its effects are thought to be related to its ability to influence neurotransmitter systems and neuroprotective mechanisms in the brain, contributing to a more stable emotional state over time.

While other medications listed may have their own benefits in managing symptoms of bipolar disorder or anxiety, they do not carry the same level of evidence regarding suicide prevention. For instance, Haldol (an antipsychotic) and Fluoxetine (an SSRI) can be used in the treatment of bipolar disorder but lack the specific protective effect against suicide that lithium provides. Alprazolam, a benzodiazepine, primarily addresses anxiety symptoms and is not indicated for long-term management or suicide risk reduction in bipolar disorder. Thus, lithium stands out as the medication with proven efficacy for reducing suicide risk in this population.