Which of the following describes stimulant withdrawal symptoms?

The symptoms of stimulant withdrawal are characterized by a variety of physical and psychological effects that occur when the use of stimulants like cocaine, amphetamines, or methamphetamine is reduced or stopped. In this context, long periods of sleep and irritability are common withdrawal symptoms.

After prolonged use of stimulants, the body becomes accustomed to the drug's stimulating effects, leading to fatigue and sleep disturbances when the drug is no longer present. Individuals may experience increased sleep duration and difficulty staying awake due to the depressive rebound effect. Alongside this hypersomnia, irritability often arises as the individual struggles with mood regulation without the drug's stimulating influence.

The other options do not accurately reflect stimulant withdrawal symptoms. Increased energy and alertness would typically accompany stimulant use, not withdrawal. Severe euphoria and cravings are often associated with the intoxication phase of stimulant use instead of the withdrawal phase, where cravings can still occur but are typically linked to psychological discomfort rather than euphoria. Lastly, withdrawal symptoms specific to alcohol users pertain to alcohol withdrawal and do not apply to stimulant withdrawal.