Which of the following substances is classified under Schedule IV?

Alprazolam, commonly known by its brand name Xanax, is classified as a Schedule IV substance under the Controlled Substances Act. This classification is based on its low potential for abuse relative to the substances listed in Schedules I-III, which are considered to have a higher potential for abuse or dependency. Schedule IV substances are recognized for their accepted medical use and include medications that can help manage anxiety and panic disorders, among other conditions.

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine, a class of drugs that work as central nervous system (CNS) depressants to produce calming effects, making it useful for patients needing anxiety relief. While it is effective for treating certain medical conditions, it still requires regulation to prevent misuse and dependency, which is why it remains under controlled substance schedules.

Other substances mentioned, such as anabolic steroids or codeine, fall under different classifications due to their varied potentials for abuse, medical uses, or dependency risks, thus setting them apart from the characteristics that define Schedule IV substances.