Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals to other neurons?

The axon terminals are the part of the neuron that are specifically responsible for transmitting signals to other neurons. When an electrical signal, or action potential, travels along the axon, it reaches the axon terminals. Here, the signal prompts the release of neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap to the next neuron. This process is critical for communication between neurons and plays a vital role in the functioning of the nervous system.

In contrast, dendrites specialize in receiving incoming signals from other neurons. The nucleus serves as the control center of the neuron, containing essential genetic material and regulating cellular activities. The cell body is integral to maintaining the neuron's overall health and function, housing the nucleus and providing support to the neuron's processes, but it does not directly transmit signals to other neurons. Thus, while each part plays an essential role in the function of a neuron, the axon terminals are specifically designed for signal transmission to adjacent neurons.