Which substance is classified as a depressant?

Benzodiazepines are classified as depressants because they primarily act on the central nervous system to produce a calming effect. They enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which results in sedative, anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing), muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. This makes benzodiazepines effective for treating conditions such as anxiety disorders, insomnia, and certain seizure disorders.

In contrast, substances like cocaine and methylphenidate are considered stimulants. They increase alertness, attention, and energy by elevating levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine. Similarly, MDMA (commonly known as ecstasy) has stimulant properties and also acts as a hallucinogen, increasing energy and altering mood. Thus, benzodiazepines stand out as the only choice that fits the classification of a depressant.