Which symptom is indicative of cognitive disorders?

Cognitive disorders primarily affect a person's ability to think, remember, and reason. Symptoms such as confusion and memory loss are classic indicators of these types of disorders. When individuals experience cognitive impairment, they often struggle with tasks that require attention, decision-making, and recall of information. This can manifest as forgetfulness about recent events, difficulty following conversations, or challenges in navigating familiar environments.

The presence of confusion suggests a disruption in the normal cognitive processes, leading to difficulty in understanding or interpreting situations. Memory loss can be especially debilitating, as it impacts a person's ability to retain and recall information, further hindering their daily functioning.

In contrast, marked aggression, excessive energy, and paranoia with hallucinations may indicate other psychiatric conditions rather than cognitive disorders specifically. These symptoms are more commonly associated with mood disorders or psychotic disorders, where symptoms reflect significant disturbances in mood or perception, rather than core impairments in cognitive functioning.